Christianity in Burma

Abstract

This article explores the history and development of Christianity in Burma, focusing on its profound impact on ethnic minorities, particularly the Chin, Kachin, and Karen. ​ Christianity was introduced to Burma by Portuguese and Armenian traders in the 16th century, but significant evangelization efforts began during British colonial rule. ​ American Baptist missionaries played a pivotal role in converting the Karen, Kachin, Chin, and other upland ethnic groups, often leveraging local traditions such as folklores of a "lost book" and monotheistic concepts of God. ​ Missionaries not only introduced Christianity but also transformed these communities by creating written scripts, translating the Bible, and establishing schools, hospitals, and printing presses. ​ These efforts elevated literacy, education, and ethnic consciousness among the converted groups. ​The Karen, Kachin, and Chin embraced Christianity partly to preserve their distinct identities amidst Burmanization and state persecution. ​ Christianity also fostered urbanization, political organization, and national awakening among these groups. ​ Despite challenges, including ethnic conflict and religious persecution, Christianity remains central to the lives of many ethnic minorities in Burma. ​ Today, Christians constitute significant portions of the Chin, Kachin, and Karen populations, with diaspora communities thriving globally. ​ The article underscores the enduring influence of Christianity in shaping ethnic identity, education, and societal progress in Burma. ​