Christianity in the Philippines

Abstract

This paper explores the historical, ideological, and contemporary dimensions of Christianity in the Philippines, focusing on its evolution under Spanish Catholicism and American Protestantism. ​ Christianity was introduced through colonization, blending with indigenous beliefs and practices. ​ The Spanish friars learned native languages to evangelize, while the Americans emphasized education and English language instruction, fostering cultural assimilation. Despite abuses by colonizers, Catholicism remains the dominant religion, with Protestantism as a minority faith. ​The paper also examines ideological influences on Filipino Christianity, including Marxism, feminism, and postcolonialism. ​ Marxism shaped liberation theology, addressing poverty and social injustice, while feminism highlighted gender inequality and the feminization of poverty. ​ Postcolonialism critiqued colonial representations of Filipinos, such as "Indio" and "Little Brown American," reflecting racialized subordination. ​Contemporary challenges include the fluctuating influence of the Catholic Church in politics, secularism, and the need for grassroots-driven transformation. ​ The paper advocates for ecumenical collaboration, engagement with marginalized groups, and exploration of non-Western sources of knowledge. ​ It highlights the role of committed individuals and small groups in driving incremental changes toward inclusivity and solidarity within the church and society. ​ Ultimately, the study underscores the dynamic interplay between history, ideology, and social movements in shaping Filipino Christianity. ​